9/2/2023 0 Comments Water conveyance system pdfIt will give a tentative idea about the cost, and the same can be communicated to the authorities for seeking approval and sanctioning expenditure. Project EstimatesĪ preliminary estimate can be prepared once the preliminary drawings are made. The drawing should include different sections of the mains and branches, treatment units, etc. 3.5 Detailed Drawingĭetailed drawings include components and units along with their dimensions and both structural and hydraulic details. The flow diagram includes the line plan and section and also shows the sequence of operations. Sometimes, the contour plan and the site plan are combined to form one plan. 3.3 Contour PlanĪ contour plan is essential as it shows the location of the water main, sub-mains, valves, branches, hydrants, pumping stations, etc. 3.2 Site PlanĪ site plan of the town showing the location of the scheme and the area to be served by the scheme should be prepared. In certain maps, the layout of the pipes that convey water from the source to the city may also be included. The topographical map shows the features of the area and includes sources of supply, roads, etc. The following drawings are generally prepared and used for execution purposes: 3.1 Topographical Map Make provisions for the establishment of an organization to look after, maintain, and operate the units after construction.ĭrawings are a crucial part of the project as the entire plan and design of the components of the project are expressed by it.It must include pumping stations, storage facility, size of pipes, fire hydrants, valves, and other important details. Design the layout and units of the distribution system.If needed, design the water treatment facility to improve water quality up to the standard of potable water.Determination of the characteristics (physical, chemical, and biological) of the available water.If needed, make provisions for the storage of water and design the system required to transmit the water from its source to the consumers.Locating a reliable source(s) of water so that all the demands of the community are met.Estimation of the population trend for the present and future based on the local conditions to identify the quantity of water required to be fulfilled by the project.The following activities should be carried out in the project formulation stage: Once all the necessary data has been collected, it should be analyzed and the future needs must be evaluated. The public opinion will not only help in counteracting the claims of the government in an event of dispute regarding land acquisition, but also be helpful while seeking expenditure sanctions and approvals from the authorities. The land options should be evaluated and the location with minimum legal approvals would pose as an ideal location for setting up the treatment plant. The legal data is essential to stay out of any legal issues involving water rights, land ownership, land zoning, clearances, etc. The intakes, treatment works, and distribution reservoirs can then be planned accordingly by considering an economic conveyance system. This information is very important as it will highlight the low-lying areas and ridges concerning the available source, population density, etc. In case there is contamination of water due to multiple sources such as industries, factories, etc., then the cause should be identified, and remedial measures should be taken for the same. 1.5 Sanitary Conditions of the AreaĪlong with the data on the sanitary conditions of the area, other sources of pollution must also be known. Moreover, the extra requirement of water can be calculated. The data on existing water supply projects in the vicinity will help determine the additional net availability of water. The current water demand and future requirements can be forecasted with this data. In case there is an industry in the vicinity, information regarding its water requirements also need to be found out. It is necessary to know the population count and its water needs. This will help in estimating the availability of land. The geological data will help in understanding the rock composition and other aspects of the ground surface. The data will help in estimating the total availability of surface water. Hydrological data gives an overview of the long-term monitoring of the water sources that exist in the vicinity. Before planning for the water supply project, the following data have to be collected: 1.1 Hydrological Data
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